How To Install Pi-Hole on a Raspberry Pi Zero

Mom gets what Mom wants. The necessary parts came in to build Mom’s Raspberry Pi-Hole server, so I thought I’d take the extra time to keep track of every step, trying to make it as easy and low-cost as I could. This meant not attaching a monitor or keyboard through the entire process. Hopefully someone will benefit from this guide. It looks long and scary, but I tried to be as thorough as possible. Nothing here is particularly difficult if you can follow directions.

Note: these instructions are for using a Mac.

Step 1: Buy the Parts

At a minimum, I recommend:

Make sure the microSD card is class 10, because it’s faster and don’t be afraid to go for 16GB since they are so cheap. Adafruit sells a budget pack which includes everything above except the WiFi adapter. If you don’t want to use WiFi, you could get something like this Ethernet Hub and USB Hub.

I also recommend some type of case. It may be small, but it’s still a computer with electrical components. 😉 I bought the Adafruit Raspberry Pi Zero Case this time around, but I don’t like how loose the GPIO slot cover is. Three cases I use with my own Zeros and like (ordered by preference) much better are:

Shouldn’t cost more than $50.

Step 2: Install the Operating System (Raspbian)

  • Download Raspbian.
  • Download ApplePi Baker and extract the app from the zip file.
  • Plug the SD card into your computer, probably via a USB card reader or SD card adapter.
  • Launch ApplePi Baker. It’ll ask for your MacOS user password.
  • Select your SD card on the left side.
  • Uncheck Auto eject after successful restore.
  • Click the Restore Backup button and browse to select the Raspbian file you downloaded. Once selected it’ll start writing to your SD card. It should look like this…

apple-pi-baker-raspbian.png

  • While that is running, save this sample wpa_supplicant.conf file. If you set Format to All Files you can remove the .txt without MacOS adding it back on. This file needs to be named exactly wpa_supplicant.conf.

wpa-supplicant-save.png

  • Open the file in TextEdit. Replace YOUR_SSID with the name of your WiFi network and YOUR_PASSWORD with your WiFi password. Save the file.
  • When ApplePi Baker is finished click OK and quit the app.
  • Copy the updated wpa_supplicant.conf file to the SD card.
  • Open the Mac’s Terminal app.
  • Type cd /Volumes/boot and hit Enter.
  • Type touch ssh and hit Enter.

touch-ssh.png

  • Quit Terminal.
  • Eject the SD card via Finder and then remove it from your computer.

Step 3: Prepare the Raspberry Pi

  • Slide the SD card into the slot on your Pi Zero.
  • Put the Pi Zero into your case if you have one.
  • Plug the USB cable and WiFi adapter into the micro USB port labeled USB. Hint: it’s not the one on the end. You should end up with it looking like this…

pi-zero-ready.jpg

  • Now you’re ready for power! Plug your power supply into the other micro USB port (nearest to the edge) and into your power source.
  • You should see some activity from the green light (labeled ACT) near the power connection.

pi-zero-act-light.jpg

Step 4: Access the Pi

If you did the second half of step 2 correct, the Pi should have been able to connect to your WiFi network. Give it 1-2 minutes to go through the entire boot process.

  • Open the Mac Terminal app again.
  • Type ssh pi@raspberrypi.local and hit Enter.
    • Using the IP address for SSH may work better for you ssh pi@192.168.1.123 but you’ll need to find it in the DHCP list in your router’s admin.
  • If everything worked, it’ll connect and you will be asked if you want to continue. Type yes and hit Enter.
  • Then you’ll be asked for the password. Type raspberry (you won’t see any characters on the screen) and hit Enter. This should log you in and set you at the command prompt…

pi-first-login.png

Step 5: Run Software Updates

  • Type sudo apt-get update and hit Enter.
  • When it finished you’ll be back on the command prompt. Type sudo apt-get upgrade and hit Enter. When it asks Do you want to continue? [Y/n], type y, hit Enter, and wait.

Step 6: Configure Your Pi

  • Type sudo raspi-config and hit Enter.
  • Any mouse/trackpad devices won’t work in here, so get used to the tab, Enter, and arrow keys.
  • Change User Password. Remember it!
  • Choose Advanced Options and then Hostname. Set a new “computer name” instead of the default raspberrypi. When you’re done and back to the main menu, select Finish and perform the reboot.
  • You’ll lose your connection when the Pi is rebooting. Terminal will send you back to the local Mac command prompt. Wait 1-2 minutes.

Step 7: Install Pi-Hole

  • Connect back to your Pi via ssh, but this time you need to use your new hostname. For example if I had set nickspi the new command I would type is ssh pi@nickspi.local. You’ll be prompted again to continue and enter the password. Do both.
  • Type curl -sSL https://install.pi-hole.net | bash and hit Enter.
  • Accept all of the defaults when prompted during installation.
  • At the end it’ll give you a bunch of information on an Installation Complete! screen. Make note of the IP address and admin password. Hit Enter.
  • It’ll do a little more and then send you back to the command prompt along with providing all of the information again.
  • Change the password right away with the command:
    pihole -a -p PASSWORD_YOU_WANT_TO_USE

Step 8: Configure Your Router

Step 9: Profit

Enjoy your mostly ad-free browsing and faster network!

Step 10: Notes

It’s not advised to unplug the Pi from power when it’s running. You could corrupt the SD card. SSH in (you’re a pro by now) and issue the shutdown command:

sudo shutdown -h now

Wait about a minute before unplugging power (make sure the activity light has been off at least a few seconds). You can also issue a restart command if you need to:

sudo reboot

Periodically it’s a good idea to update the software:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
pihole -up

With all of that said… if you plan to run anything else on this server, I recommend going with more power, probably a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B. The Zero I originally used wasn’t enough to handle Home Assistant and Homebridge running on the same machine.

Scale More Often

This is a great video from Brute about scaling in CrossFit. While it’s a very important topic for coaches, I think every athlete in the gym can benefit from understanding some of the concepts and learning how to scale more often. Too many people seems afraid to scale back on reps in workouts, but you can get fitter by doing less work if it means keeping your intensity higher throughout a workout.

Titus on College Basketball

I was bummed when ESPN shut down Grandland. Mostly for one reason. Mark Titus’s coverage of college basketball. Luckily he moved over to Ringer.

It’s no secret Mark isn’t a fan of Duke, my favorite team, but that doesn’t actually put him in a minority in America. The thing that sets him apart is he’s able to appreciate and respect the talent and the program, while poking at the team in a fun way. I really enjoy his writing.

There’s a high-profile white guy whom everyone in America hates. There are freshmen bound to be future lottery picks, and seniors who are labeled as unheralded despite being former McDonald’s All Americans. There have been a ton of injuries about which Duke refuses to disclose the details, as though the status of Harry Giles’s knees is akin to the goddamn nuclear codes or something. There are charges being taken, managers holding up towels to block television cameras from peeking into the team huddle, and Coach K’s repeated refusals to do halftime interviews as he single-handedly keeps the hair dye industry afloat.
This Duke Season Has It All

Better Coffee 

I’ve been using a Keurig for a years. It’s fast, easy to use, and I rarely want more than one cup of coffee. During a trip to Puerto Rico a few years ago, we made coffee using a French Press and I’ve never been able to forget about it. The flavor and experience was completely different.

I have a hard time coming up with a Christmas list anymore, so I asked for an AeroPress this year and got it. I’m really enjoying my new morning ritual.

1. Measure out 15-18g of coffee beans.

2. Grind the beans.

This JavaGear Aromata Grinder works well and is easy to do while the water is heating up on the stove.

3. Insert the plunger, flip it over, and dump in the coffee grounds. Fill with water, stir, and let stand for 1 minute.

4. Place the filter and screw cap on the end.

As shown below, I’m using a mesh filter. If you’re using paper filters (1 or 2), get it wet with hot water and place directly in your end cap.

5. Flip it all over, placing on your coffee cup in one motion. Be quick!

6. Press!

When the sound of dripping coffee changes to air hissing it’s time to stop.

7. Enjoy!

A big change is that I’m only getting a 4 oz cup of coffee each morning, but to be honest it hasn’t been an issue. I’ve never drank coffee for quantity and the quality improvement is hard to beat.

Blue Bottle Coffee has been on my radar for years. I signed up for a sample and loved it, so I quickly subscribed to get a 12 oz bag every 2 weeks ($19). The difference from the Starbucks beans I was given is unbelievable. If you have any other recommendations, please let me know.

I’m Going to Play Zelda


Super Mario Run
 has brought back some early video game memories. A game I never played and always wished I had is The Legend of Zelda.

Last week I set up RetroPie, which gives me a bunch of gaming system emulators. Zelda was the first game ROM I looked for. Almost 20 years later, I’m finally going to play.


Fun fact: This was the first home console title to include an internal battery for saving data.

Reload Your Mac Camera

Last month I bought some simple stickers to cover up the cameras on my laptops. My friend Ingrid bought some fancy covers at about the same time. Ever since, we’ve both been having issues with MacOS recognizing the camera when uncovered. Rebooting the Mac resolved the issue so I figured something was jacked up internally with sensors. Found a solution, but wanted to make it easier than typing in the terminal commands.

I’m an Alfred user, so I made a workflow (available on Github). Save the file and open it, which should import into Alfred. Change the keyword (default is camera) in Alfred if you want.

If you don’t use Alfred, I also made a command script you can launch instead of manually typing in the commands. It’s also on Github. Use File->Save Page in your browser. Open up a terminal window and cd to wherever you saved the reload-camera.command file. Change the execute permissions on the file by running chmod 744 reload-camera.command. Then you should be able to double-click on the file to run the script.

By the way, yes, you probably should cover up your camera, especially if you never use it.

Holiday Watch List

I always take at least a week off work over the holidays to recharge. Some of the things I watched during my break:

The Joy of Computing

The thing those computers didn’t do was tell me that I couldn’t do something because a marketing department or executive or shareholder wanted to prevent me from doing it, so they could sell me something else that would do that thing. Once we bought the computer, we owned it, and as much as I enjoy my tablets and smartphones and iMacs and whatever, getting back to my Linux command line and learning Python and talking to other enthusiasts online about what they’re doing with their little Raspberry Pis is reawakening this passion and joy that has been dormant inside of me for a long, long time.

rediscovering the joy of general purpose computing by Wil Wheaton

I’m having a similar reawakening as I mess around with Pis and microcontrollers.